publicint[] selectionSort(int[] arr) throws Exception { // 总共要经过 n-1 轮比较 for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) { int min = i; // 每轮需要比较的次数 N-i for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++) { if (arr[j] < arr[min]) { // 记录目前能找到的最小值元素的下标 min = j; } } // 将找到的最小值和 i 位置所在的值进行交换 if (i != min) { int tmp = arr[i]; arr[i] = arr[min]; arr[min] = tmp; } } return arr; }
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defselection_sort(arr): for i inrange(len(arr)-1): minIndex = i for j inrange(i + 1, len(arr)): if arr[minIndex] > arr[j]: minIndex = j if i == minIndex: pass else: arr[i], arr[minIndex] = arr[minIndex], arr[i] return arr
// 递归版: publicstaticvoidmerge_sort_recursive(int[] arr, int[] result, int start, int end){ if (start >= end) return; int len = end - start, mid = (len >> 1) + start; int start1 = start, end1 = mid; int start2 = mid + 1, end2 = end; merge_sort_recursive(arr, result, start1, end1); //左边归并排序,使得左子序列有序 merge_sort_recursive(arr, result, start2, end2); //右边归并排序,使得右子序列有序 int k = start; while (start1 <= end1 && start2 <= end2) result[k++] = arr[start1] < arr[start2] ? arr[start1++] : arr[start2++]; while (start1 <= end1) result[k++] = arr[start1++]; while (start2 <= end2) result[k++] = arr[start2++]; for (k = start; k <= end; k++) arr[k] = result[k]; } publicstaticvoidmerge_sort(int[] arr){ int len = arr.length; int[] result = newint[len]; merge_sort_recursive(arr, result, 0, len - 1); }
// 迭代版: publicstaticvoidmerge_sort(int[] arr){ int[] orderedArr = newint[arr.length]; for (int i = 2; i < arr.length * 2; i *= 2) { for (int j = 0; j < (arr.length + i - 1) / i; j++) { int left = i * j; int mid = left + i / 2 >= arr.length ? (arr.length - 1) : (left + i / 2); int right = i * (j + 1) - 1 >= arr.length ? (arr.length - 1) : (i * (j + 1) - 1); int start = left, l = left, m = mid; while (l < mid && m <= right) { if (arr[l] < arr[m]) { orderedArr[start++] = arr[l++]; } else { orderedArr[start++] = arr[m++]; } } while (l < mid) orderedArr[start++] = arr[l++]; while (m <= right) orderedArr[start++] = arr[m++]; System.arraycopy(orderedArr, left, arr, left, right - left + 1); } } }
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defmergeSort(nums): iflen(nums) < 2: return nums mid = len(nums) // 2 left = mergeSort(nums[:mid]) right = mergeSort(nums[mid:]) result = [] while left and right: if left[0] <= right[0]: result.append(left.pop(0)) else: result.append(right.pop(0)) if left: result += left if right: result += right return result
快速排序
快速排序(Quicksort),又称分区交换排序(partition-exchange sort),简称快排,一种排序算法,最早由东尼·霍尔提出。在平均状况下,排序 n 个项目要 O(nlogn) 次比较。在最坏状况下则需要 O(n²)次比较,但这种状况并不常见。事实上,快速排序(nlogn)通常明显比其他算法更快,因为它的内部循环(inner loop)可以在大部分的架构上很有效率地达成。
publicint[] quickSort(int[] arr, int left, int right) { int left = 0; int right = arr.length - 1 // 当传递的目标数组含有两个以上的元素时,进行递归调用。(即:当传递的目标数组只含有一个元素时,此趟排序结束) if (left < right) { int partitionIndex = partition(arr, left, right); //获取关键值的下标(快排的核心) quickSort(arr, left, partitionIndex - 1); //递归调用,快排划分出来的左区间 quickSort(arr, partitionIndex + 1, right); //递归调用,快排划分出来的右区间 } return arr; }
publicintpartition(int[] arr, int left, int right){ // 设定基准值(pivot) int pivot = left; int index = pivot + 1; for (int i = index; i <= right; i++) { if (arr[i] < arr[pivot]) { swap(arr, i, index); index++; } } swap(arr, pivot, index - 1); return index - 1; }
publicvoidswap(int[] arr, int i, int j){ int temp = arr[i]; arr[i] = arr[j]; arr[j] = temp; }
defquickSort(arr, left=None, right=None): left = 0ifnotisinstance(left, (int, float)) else left right = len(arr) - 1ifnotisinstance(right, (int, float)) else right if left < right: partitionIndex = partition(arr, left, right) quickSort(arr, left, partitionIndex - 1) quickSort(arr, partitionIndex + 1, right) return arr
defpartition(arr, left, right): pivot = left index = pivot + 1 i = index while i <= right: if arr[i] < arr[pivot]: swap(arr, i, index) index += 1 i += 1 swap(arr, pivot, index - 1) return index - 1
defswap(arr, i, j): arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i]
publicintindexFor(int a, int min, int step){ return (a - min) / step; }
publicvoidbucketSort(int[] arr){ int max = arr[0], min = arr[0]; for (int a : arr) { if (max < a) max = a; if (min > a) min = a; } // 该值也可根据实际情况选择 int bucketNum = max / 10 - min / 10 + 1; List buckList = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>(); // 创建桶 for (int i = 1; i <= bucketNum; i++) { buckList.add(new ArrayList<Integer>()); } // 将数据分配到各个桶中 for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { int index = indexFor(arr[i], min, 10); ((ArrayList<Integer>) buckList.get(index)).add(arr[i]); } ArrayList<Integer> bucket = null; int index = 0; for (int i = 0; i < bucketNum; i++) { bucket = (ArrayList<Integer>) buckList.get(i); // 对每个桶进行排序,这里使用了插入排序 insertSort(bucket); for (int k : bucket) { arr[index++] = k; } } }
// 把桶內元素使用插入排序 publicvoidinsertSort(List<Integer> bucket){ for (int i = 1; i < bucket.size(); i++) { int temp = bucket.get(i); int j = i - 1; for (; j >= 0 && bucket.get(j) > temp; j--) { bucket.set(j + 1, bucket.get(j)); } bucket.set(j + 1, temp); } }
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defbucket_sort(arr): max_num = max(arr) # 不能使用[[]]*(max+1),这样新建的空间中各个[]是共享内存的 buf = {i: [] for i inrange(int(max_num) + 1)} arr_len = len(arr) for i inrange(arr_len): num = arr[i] # 将相应范围内的数据加入到[]中 buf[int(num)].append(num) arr = [] for i inrange(len(buf)): if buf[i]: # 这里还需要对一个范围内的数据进行排序,然后再进行输出 arr.extend(sorted(buf[i])) return arr
publicvoidradixSort(int[] array){ int max = getMax(array); int bit = 1; while(max / bit > 0) { radix(array, bit); bit *= 10; } }
publicvoidradix(int[] array, int bit){ int[] temp = newint[array.length]; int[] bucket = newint[10]; for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { bucket[(array[i] / bit) % 10]++; } for(int i = 1; i < bucket.length; i++) { bucket[i] += bucket[i-1]; } for(int i = array.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { temp[bucket[(array[i] / bit) % 10] - 1] = array[i]; bucket[(array[i] / bit) % 10]--; } for(int i = 0; i < temp.length; i++) { array[i] = temp[i]; } }
publicintgetMax(int[] array){ int max = array[0]; for(int i = 1; i < array.length; i++){ if(array[i] > max) { max = array[i]; } } return max; }
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defradix_sort(arr): n = len(str(max(arr))) # 记录最大值的位数 for k inrange(n): # n 轮排序 # 每一轮生成 10 个列表 bucket_list = [[] for i inrange(10)] # 因为每一位数字都是 0~9,故建立 10 个桶 for i in arr: # 按第 k 位放入到桶中 bucket_list[i // (10 ** k) % 10].append(i) # 按当前桶的顺序重排列表 arr = [j for i in bucket_list for j in i] return arr